Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repuburika y’ u Rwanda na Madamu;
Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repuburika Yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya na Madamu;

Ndabashimiye Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repuburika kuba mumpaye uyu mwanya kugira ngo ntange ikiganiro kibanda ku murongo ngenderwaho mwaduhaye wo Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 22 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ugira uti: “Twibuke Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi turwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.”

Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repuburika, uko amateka y’isi abigaragaza, nta Jenoside ishobora kubaho iyo idashingiye ku ngengabitekerezo yayo ibanza kwigishwa, igacengezwa mu baturage bamwe, kandi igashyigikirwa na Leta na bimwe mu bihugu by’amahanga.

Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside twayisobanura nk’urusobe rw’ibitekerezo bigaragarira mu myifatire, mu mvugo, mu nyandiko, mu mashusho n’ibindi bikorwa bigamije cyangwa bihamagarira abantu kurimbura abandi hashingiwe ku bwoko, ubwenegihugu, idini cyangwa ibara ry’uruhu.

Iyi ngengabitekerezo niyo ibyara ubwicanyi bwa Jenoside, aribwo bwicanyi ndengakamere burenze ubundi bwose. Ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside igagaragara mu byiciro bitatu. Mbere ya Jenoside irangwa no gutegura umugambi wo kwica abantu bari mu cyiciro runaka, hanyuma uwo mugambi ukigishwa, ugakwirakwizwa hakoreshejwe amashuri, ubuyobozi bw’inzego zose za Leta, ubushakashatsi, amadini, Imitwe ya Politiki, amashyirahamwe, imiryango itari iya Leta, ibihugu by’amahanga n’itangazamakuru.

Icya kabiri nuko mu gihe Jenoside itangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, ibyo byiciro byose maze kuvuga bigira uruhare mu kuyikora. Icya gatatu nuko iyo Jenoside irangiye, nuko ibi byiciro byose maze kuvuga bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kuyipfobya no kuyihakana. Ni nayo mpamvu mu kurandura ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ari ngombwa kwifashisha ibi byiciro byose kugira ngo ishobore gucika burundu.

Iyo twinjiye mu mateka y’u Rwanda dusanga Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yaratangiye ku butegetsi bw’Ababiligi, ubwo hadutse ibitekerezo byo kurebera Abanyarwanda mu ndorerwamo y’amoko bizanywe n’Abakoloni, abapadiri bera n’abashakashatsi bavaga Iburayi, ahari higanje ibitekerezo byemezaga ko umuzungu asumba umwirabura.

Icyo gihe mu Rwanda, igitekerezo ibindi byagendeyeho bizanywe n’Abakoloni ngo nuko Abanyarwanda barimo amoko atandukanye kandi adakomoka hamwe; Abakoloni bakaba barabigaragaje bandika amoko mu ndangamuntu z’Abanyarwanda mu mwaka wa 1922. Iyo ngengabitekerezo yakomeje gukura ubwo mu myaka ya 1926-1930 Abakoloni bakoze ivugururwa ry’ubutegetsi maze abatware b’Abahutu basimbuzwa Abatutsi.

Muri 1930, nibwo Ababiligi bujuje Gereza nkuru ya Kigali, bakaba barayubatse nk’iterabwoba bashakaga gushyira ku bantu bashoboraga kwamagana izo gahunda zabo zatanyaga Abanyarwanda. Iki kintu ntigikunze kuvugwa cyane nyamara ni kimwe mu bikoresho byakoreshejwe mu iterabwoba ry’Abakoloni.

Iyo ngengabitekerezo ishingiye ku moko yahindutse ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside guhera mu mwaka wa 1957 aho Abahutu 9 bize mu Iseminari bishyize hamwe bakandikira ubutegetsi bw’Ababiligi ko barambiwe ingoma ntutsi n’igitugu cyayo. Abakoloni b’Ababiligi bashyigikiye iyo propagande maze muri 1959 Abatutsi baricwa, baratwikirwa, barasahurwa, abandi bameneshwa mu gihugu bahungira mu mahanga.

Iryo yicwa ry’Abatutsi ryabaye mu kwezi kwa Ugushyingo 1959 ryabanjirijwe n’inyandiko zamamaza urwango na za disikuru z’abanyapolitiki zuzuyemo ingengabitekerezo yikoma Abatutsi kandi zihamagarira kubica. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu gukwiza ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside muri iyo myaka ni amashyaka ya politiki yubakiye ku ivangurabwoko nka PARMEHUTU na APROSOMA; aya mashyaka akaba yarashinze n’itangazamakuru ryayo nka Jyambere, Ijwi Rya Rubanda Rugufi n’Ibindi ryamamazaga ingengabitekerezo y’urwango n’ubwicanyi. Ibi byose bikaba byarahabwaga umugisha n’Abakoloni na bamwe mu Bihaye Imana b’Abazungu.

Aho u Rwanda ruboneye ubwigenge, ku itariki ya 01/07/1962 kugeza muri nyakanga 1994, ubutegetsi bw’ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU buyobowe na Kayibanda, n’irya MRND ryari riyobowe na Jenerali Yuvenali Habyarimana, aho gukosora amateka mabi yasizwe n’Abakoloni, ahubwo bwaranzwe no guha ifumbire ya ngengabitekerezo yazanywe n’Abakoloni, bimakaza politiki y’amacakubiri n’urwango ku Batutsi ari nako babakandamiza babavutsa igihugu, amashuri n’imirimo.

Nakwibutsa, Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repuburika, ko muri 1990, FPR-Inkotanyi itangiza urugamba mwari muyoboye rwo kubohora Igihugu, u Rwanda rwari igihugu cya mbere muri Afurika cyari gifite umubare munini w’impunzi; kandi muri Afurika yose icyo gihe izo mpunzi nizo zari zimaze imyaka myinshi mu buhungiro. Muri 1990, impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zari zimaze imyaka 31 mu buhungiro zarimwe uburenganzira bwose ku gihugu cyabo. Icyo nacyo ni ikindi kimenyetso gikomeye kiranga ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yari yarokamye u Rwanda, ishingiye ku kwima umuntu uburenganzira ku gihugu cye azizwa icyo aricyo.

Muri make, ingengabitekerezo yaranze ubutegetsi bw’ u Rwanda bwasimbuye Abakoloni mu Rwanda ni iyo gushyira imbere Ubwoko bumwe, nta kwita ku Banyarwanda bose nk’abasangirangendo bahujwe n’igihugu kimwe. Ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwo iyi ngengabitekerezo yafashe indi ntera yo guha uburenganzira busumbye ubw’abandi Banyarwanda Akarere yakomokagamo we na bamwe mu byegera bye, aho Perefegitura ebyiri gusa, Gisenyi na Ruhengeri zihariraga 65% z’imyanya mu mashuri no mu mirimo babyita iringaniza ry’Akarere.

Iyi ngengabitekerezo mbi ishingiye ku moko no ku Karere niyo yaje kubyara Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994, ubwo abategetsi babi bategekaga u Rwanda, aho kwemera ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’amahoro yashyiriweho umukono Arusha mu gihugu cy’Abavandimwe cya Tanzaniya ku wa 05/08/1993, bwahisemo inzira mbi yo gutegura umugambi wo kumaraho Abatutsi.

Uwo mugambi bawushyize mu bikorwa bitwaje ihanuka ry’indege y’uwari umukuru w’igihugu ryabaye ku itariki 06/04/1994, nubwo uwo mugambi wari warateguwe kera ndetse na Perezida Habyarimana ubwe abigizemo uruhare, hamwe n’ibyegera bye.

Nakwibutsa ko gukora lisiti z’Abatutsi bazicwa, gutoza Interahamwe no kuziha imyitozo, guha abaturage intwaro ngo bazice bagenzi babo, n’ibindi bikorwa byabanjirije Jenoside, byose byateguwe Habyarimana ari ku butegetsi. Gushaka rero kubeshya ko Jenoside yatewe n’ihanuka ry’indege ni amatakirangoyi akwirakwizwa n’abakoze Jenoside bakaba bafite ikimwaro n’umujinya ko batsinzwe.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku ihanuka ry’iyo ndege, bwaba ubwakozwe n’impuguke z’Abanyarwanda bugatangazwa muri 2010, bwaba ubwakozwe n’impuguke z’Abongereza bo muri Cranfield University, bwaba ubwakozwe n’impuguke zazanywe n’Umucamanza w’Umufransa Marc Trevidic muri 2012, bwose bwahurije ko ihanuka ry’indege ya Perezida Habyarimana ryaturutse ku masasu yayirashweho aturutse mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe cyagenzurwaga n’ingabo z’u Rwanda za Leta y’icyo gihe, kikaba cyarabagamo Imitwe ikomeye y’ingabo za Leta ya Habyarimana.

Nongere nibutse, Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repuburika, ko uwari Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Guverinoma yakoze Jenoside muri 1994, Jean Kambanda, yemeye imbere y’Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwari Arusha muri Tanzaniya, ku itariki 02/09/1998, ko Guverinoma yari ayoboye ariyo yateguye umugambi wo kumaraho Abatutsi ndetse itanga imyitozo n’ibikoresho bya gisilikare kugira ngo Jenoside ishyirwe mu bikorwa.

Kugira ngo dushobore kumva neza uburyo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashingiye ku ngengabitekerezo yari yaracengejwe mu Banyarwanda, kimwe mu bimenyetso bibigaragaza ni uburyo yitabiriwe n’abantu benshi kandi igakorwa mu gihe gito, ikanahitana abantu benshi. Umubare w’abishwe muri 1994 washoboye kumenyekana mu bushakashatsi bwakoreshejwe muri 2002 na Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu ni abantu miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi cumi na bine n’abantu cumi na barindwi (1.074.017).

Iyo dusesenguye iyo mibare dusanga buri munsi haricwaga Abatutsi ibihumbi cumi na mirongo irindwi na bane (10.074); naho buri munota hakicwa abantu igihumbi na mirongo irindwi na bane (1074), ni ukuvuga abantu bari hano ubakubye inshuro 2 nibo bicwaga buri munota.

Imibare yavuye mu Nkiko Gacaca yerekana ko ibyaha byahamye abantu miliyoni imwe, ibihumbi magana atandatu mirongo irindwi n’umunani na magana atandatu na mirongo irindwi na babiri (1.678.672) kuri miliyoni 3.400.000 bari bujuje imyaka y’ubukure muri 1994. Ubwo bwitabire bukabije bwo gukora Jenoside ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zatumye bishoboka kwica abantu barenze miliyoni mu mezi 3.

Ikindi cyerekanye ko ubukangurambaga bwa Jenoside bwari bwaracengeye mu bantu ni ubugome ndengakamere bwakoreshejwe mu kwica Abatutsi nko gufata abantu bakabotsa, gukubita imitwe y‘impinja ku nkuta z’inzu, guhamba abantu ari bazima n’ibindi bikorwa biteye isoni n’agahinda. Ubu bugome ni kimwe mu bimenyetso byerekana uburemere n’imiterere nyayo y’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, bukanerekana, imbaraga nyinshi zigomba gushyirwa mu kuyirandura.

Ibi ariko nta mpungenge bigomba kudutera kubera amahitamo, Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repuburika, mwatoje Abanyarwanda guhera muri 1994 yo kureka icyabatanyaga, bagahitamo kuba umwe, bakiyumva bose nk’Abanyarwanda, basangiye igihugu, bahuriye ku buvandimwe, bahuriye ku muco no ku ndangagaciro zimwe. Iki cyerekezo kiriho kiratanga umusaruro mwiza cyane.

Mbahe ingero ebyiri: Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Komiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge mu Kwakira 2010 bwerekanye ko abantu benshi bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hafi 83% basabye imbabazi, bemera uruhare rwabo, bagaragaza ko bashyigikiye gahunda zose zo kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Ku ruhande rw’abiciwe, hafi 85% bagaragaje ko bagize ubutwari bwo kwiyunga n’ababahekuye nubwo ari amahitamo atoroshye, ariko abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside babigezeho kuri icyo kigero. Abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside bari ku isonga y’abemera kandi bagakurikiza gahunda nziza za Leta.

Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside muri 2015, bwerekanye ko ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yagiye igabanuka kuva muri 1995 kugera ubu ku gipimo cya 83.9%. Aho ingengabitekerezo isigaye ni hake, ku gipimo kiri hasi ya 10%. Nta washidikanya ko uku kugabanuka kw’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside bishingiye kuri gahunda nziza za Leta zigera ku banyarwanda bose, harimo ihame u Rwanda ry’ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda no guharanira inyungu z’u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda.

Ikibazo kinini aho giherereye ni hamwe na hamwe mu Karere dutuyemo ahahungiye benshi mu Bakoze Jenoside bakaba baragiye bashinga imitwe yitwaje intwaro, cyane cyane uwa FDLR ukorera mu Burasirazuba bwa Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Uwo mutwe kimwe n’indi bihuje intego nka Rwanda National Congress, FDU-Inkingi n’indi nkayo bakomeje gukwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu Karere no mu bihugu bya kure bafashijwe na bamwe mu Banyamahanga babifitemo inyungu za politiki.

Aha niho hakwiye ubufatanye n’amahanga mu gushyira imbaraga mu kurwanya iyi mitwe no kuyica intege muri gahunda yayo yo gukomeza gukwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu Karere no gukomeza kwica no guhohotera abaturage b’Abasivile.

Ikibazo nuko hari abayobozi bo mu Karere no mu bihugu bya kure bagiye bagaragaza ko bashyigikiye iyi mitwe igendera ku ngengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ndetse bamwe bakanerura bagasaba u Rwanda ko rwashyikirana n’abo bicanyi mu buryo bwa politiki. Hari n’ibihugu duturanye nka Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ndetse n’Uburundi bikomeje guha urubuga abo bantu.

Iyi mikorere inyuranyije cyane cyane n’amahame mpuzamahanga yo kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu. Inyuranyije kandi n’ibyemezo bitari bike byafashwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye n’ibyafashwe n’Afurika Yunze Ubumwe bibuza ibihugu byose ubufasha ubwo aribwo bwose abarwanyi ba FDLR. Gufatanya n’aba barwanyi no kubaha urubuga rwa politiki ubwabyo ni ubufatanyacyaha mu ngengabitekerezo ya Jenoside no mu bindi bikorwa by’ubwicanyi biranga abo barwanyi.

Icyakora ntitwabura gushima igihugu cy’Ubudage kuba muri cyararaciriye imanza bamwe mu bayobozi bakuru ba FDLR, Ignace Murwanashyaka na Straton Musoni baba muri icyo gihugu bagakatirwa igifungo cy’imyaka 13 na 8 muri 2015 kubera uruhare rwabo mu bikorwa by’ubwicanyi bukorwa na FDLR muri Kongo, harimo no gufata abana bato bakabashyira mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro, bagashorwa mu bwicanyi kandi bagombye kuba bari mu gihugu cyabo no mu mashuri.

Ni ngombwa ko n’ibindi bihugu bikurikiza uru rugero, ndetse ibihugu, cyane cyane ibyo mu Karere, bigashyiraho amategeko ahana icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside kugira ngo abayikwiza n’abakora ubwicanyi buyishingiyeho bashobore gufatwa no gushyikirizwa ubutabera. Iyi izaba ari inzira ikomeye yo guhashya ikwirakwizwa ry’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari n’iby’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ndetse no mu mahanga ya kure.

Mu mahanga ya kure naho hari ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ikomeje kuhashinga imizi, tukayisanga cyane cyane mu ipfobya n’ihakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rikorwa na bamwe mu Banyapolitiki bo mu bihugu bifitanye isano n’amateka mabi yaranze u Rwanda, barimo abayagizemo uruhare. Mu gihugu cy’Ubufaransa ni hamwe mu hakomeje kugaragara ibikorwa byo kwanga guhana abanyarwanda bakoze Jenoside bagahungira muri icyo gihugu.

Ubufaransa bwabanje kwanga kuboherereza ubutabera bw’u Rwanda bwitwaza ko ngo icyaha cya Jenoside kitahanirwaga mu Rwanda muri 1994, ko ngo rero bidashoboka kwohereza abantu gucibwa imanza hashingiwe ku mategeko yagiyeho nyuma y’ikorwa ry’icyo cyaha cya Jenoside. Nyamara, ibyo binyuranyije n’ukuri kuko niba koko Ubufaransa bwemera ko uwakoze Jenoside muri 1994 mu Rwanda atagomba gucibwa urubanza hashingiwe ku itegeko ryagiyeho nyuma ya Jenoside, twakwibaza impamvu mu kwezi kwa 11 muri 1994 bwatoye icyemezo cy’umuryango w’Abibumbye gushyiraho Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiweho u Rwanda, kandi urwo Rukiko narwo rwarashyizweho nyuma ya Jenoside. Uru ni urugero rwerekana ubushake buke bw’icyo gihugu bwo kugendera ku mahame y’amahoro n’ubutabera iyo bireba ubuyobozi bw’ Rwanda rw’Ubu.

Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ishingiye ku ipfobya n’ihakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ariko na none ikaba ituruka ku ifunwe rya bamwe mu Banyapolitiki y’abanyamahanga bagize uruhare muri Jenoside niyo yatumye ejo bundi ku itariki ya 01/04/2016 Alain Juppe wahoze ari Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’Ubufaransa mu gihe Jenoside yakorwaga yerura akemeza ko kuvuga ukuri ku ruhare rw’igihugu cye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ari ukugoreka amateka.

Icyiza cy’urwo rugamba rw’ikinyoma Alain Juppe yashoje nuko Abanyarwanda benshi n’Abanyamahanga bazi ukuri banditse berekana ahubwo uruhare rwe n’urw’iguhugu cye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, urwo ruhare rukaba arirwo rutera abakoze Jenoside n’inshuti zabo guhora bahangayikishijwe no kubeshya.

Yewe na raporo y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Ubufaransa yayobowe n’umudepite witwa Paul Quiles muri 1998, yerekanye ko Leta y’Ubufaransa n’ingabo zayo bagize uruhare rukomeye mu gufasha Leta y’u Rwanda yateguye ikanshyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Iyo Raporo yerekanye ko ingabo z’Ubufransa mu Rwanda hagati ya 1990 na 1993 zagiye ku rugamba zitagombaga kuba zaragiyemo rwo kurwanya ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zarwaniraga uburenganzira bwazo.

Babyanditse batya: “Kuva mu Kwakira 1990 kugeza muri Werurwe Ubufaransa bwahamishije ingabo zabwo mu Rwanda, bukajya bunazongera iyo habaga hagaragaye ko ingabo za FPR zashoboraga gutsinda urugamba. Niko byagenze ubwo FPR yafataga Byumba muri Kamena 1992; ni nako byagenze ku itariki 08/02/1993 mu Ruhengeri. Ubufaransa icyo gihe ntibwashidikanyije guha ubufasha n’ibikoresho bya gisilikare ingabo za Leta y’u Rwanda byabonekaga ko ziriho zitsindwa, kandi icyo gihe Leta y’u Rwanda nayo yarangwaga n’imikorere mibi kandi yaravanyweho icyizere n’amahanga.”

Abadepite bagakomeza babaza abayobozi babo barimo Alain Juppe bati: “Bishoboka bite, hashingiwe kuri ibi bimenyetso, ko Ubufaransa bwafunze amaso bugakomeza gutanga intwaro kugeza ubwo bamwe mu basilikare babwo biyumvisha ko urugamba rwari mu Rwanda rwari ubw’Ubufaransa, kandi rwabarebagaho kuko rwakorerwaga mu gihugu cy’amahanga kandi cyigenga?” (biri kuri page 377).
Alain Juppe, mbere yo kugira undi agerekaho icyaha, yagombye kubanza kubaza abadepite b’igihugu cye kuko bari mu bagaragaje ku buryo bwumvikana, uruhare rwe n’urw’igihugu cye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Mu by’ukuri ikibimutera, kimwe n’abandi batekereza nkawe ni ya ngengabitekerezo ya Jenoside twakomeje kuvuga irangwa n’ipfobya n’ihakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kubera uruhare ayifitemo.

Nsoza Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repuburika, nkuko nagiye mbigaragaza, navuga ko uburyo icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside cyigaragaza bumaze kumenyekana bihagije ku buryo gukomeza umurongo twafashe tuyobowe namwe wo kuyirwanya no kuyirandura burundu, haba mu gihugu no mu mahanga ari ikintu gishoboka, kandi hano mu Rwanda twarabishoboye kubera ko twahisemo kuba umwe nkuko muhora mubidutoza, kandi iyo nzira twafashe ntabwo tuzayiteshukaho na rimwe, haba none, haba ejo n’ejo bundi.

Gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zigamije kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside si urugamba rw’umuntu umwe cyangwa rw’urwego rumwe, ahubwo ni urugamba rwa buri wese na buri rwego. Inzego zose ni ukuvuga inzego z’ubuyobozi bw’ibanze, inzego za Leta, ibigo bya Leta n’ibyigenga, amadini, itangazamakuru, amashyirahamwe n’imiryango itari iya Leta, Imitwe ya politiki n’abaturage muri rusange, twese tugomba gufatanya tukarwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside twubaka u Rwanda.

Ubufatanye n’amahanga kandi nabwo burakenewe muri urwo rugamba akaba ariyo mpamvu twishimira politiki nziza y’u Rwanda yo kubana n’amahanga mu bwubahane no mu bworoherane kuko inzira ya diplomasi nayo ari ingenzi mu guhangana n’iki kibazo cyane cyane ku rwego rw’Akarere n’Afurika yose. Ubufatanye n’Akarere n’Afurika bizafasha kurandura burundu ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside no kubaka Afurika ifite amahoro, umutekano n’ubukire.

Dukomeze twese kwihangana no gufatana mu mugongo kandi duhashya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside aho yaba iri hose.
Ndabashimiye Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repuburika.

Murakoze.